Reproduction
Cat Reproduction: Seasonal Estrus, Induced Ovulation, Breeding & Gestation in the Queen
Key reproductive figures for the cat from the MSD Veterinary Manual reproductive-cycle and gestation tables [1][2] and the Merck chapters on whelping and queening [3] and on breeding management of queens [4].
Key figures
| Feature | Cat | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Age at puberty | 4–12 months | [1] |
| Cycle | Seasonally polyestrous, spring through early autumn; 14–21 days | [1] |
| Duration of estrus | 6–7 days | [1] |
| Ovulation | Induced; occurs 24–48 h after breeding | [1] |
| Best time to breed | Daily from day 2 of estrus | [1] |
| First estrus after queening | 4–6 weeks | [1] |
| Pseudopregnancy | Lasts 40 days | [1] |
| Gestation | 65 days | [2] |
| Gestation from the LH surge triggered by copulation | 64–66 days | [3] |
Infertile breedings delay the onset of the next cycle by approximately 45 days [1].
Breeding management
- Because ovulation is induced by vaginal-cervical stimulation, multiple breedings over 2–3 days are advised [4].
- The queen should be taken to the tom when she shows signs of estrus (vocalization, lordosis), as early as the second day [4].
- Pregnancy can be evaluated by abdominal palpation and ultrasonography 21–30 days after breeding [4].
Frequently asked questions
Are cats induced ovulators?
How long is a cat in heat?
Estrus lasts 6–7 days, and cats cycle every 14–21 days in the breeding season [1].
Related tools and references
More reproductive physiology
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